The Zulu believe that they are descendants from a chief from the Congo area, and in the 16th century migrated south picking up many of the traditions and customs of the San who also inhabited this South African area. During the 17th and 18th centuries many of the most powerful chiefs made treaties and gave control of the Zulu villages to the British. This caused much conflict because the Zulu had strong patriarchal village government systems so they fought against the British but couldn’t win because of the small strength they possessed. Finally, after much of the Zulu area had been given to the British the Zulu people decided as a whole that they didn’t want to be under British rule and in 1879 war erupted between the British and the Zulu. Though the Zulu succeeded at first they were in 6 months conquered by the British who exiled the Zulu Kings and divided up the Zulu kingdom. In 1906 another Zulu uprising was lead and the Zulu continue to try to gain back what they consider to be their ancient kingdom.

The Zulu believe in a creator god known as Nkulunkulu, but this god does not interact with humans and has no interest in everyday life. Therefore, most Zulu’s interact on a day to day level with the spirits. In order to interact with the spirits the Zulu must use divination to interact with the ancestors. All misfortune is a result of a evil sorcery or offended spirits, nothing just happens because of natural causes. The Zulu are best known for their bead work and basketry. There have also been some figural sculpture questionably attributed to them. Zulu architecture is quite complex, and the dress or fashion of the Zulu has been carefully studied. Zulu and Zulu shields have become well known all around the world Rural Zulu raise cattle and farm corn and vegetables for subsistence purposes. The men and herd boys are primarily responsible for the cows, which are grazed in the open country, while the women do most, if not all, of the planting and harvesting.

The women also are the owners of the family house and have considerable economic clout within the family. In the urban areas of South Africa, Zulu, and in fact all Africans, are limited to labor intensive work and domestic duties. Even as Apartheid as an institution has been dismantled, it is still extremely difficult for Africans to compete for jobs for which they have not been trained, and the country is still entrenched in de facto racism. The most famous Zulu warrior, Shaka Zulu, who, after the death of his father Senzangakhona, conquered many nations and amalgamated them under his reign, thus creating a huge Zulu nation.

The name AmaZulu literally means the people of heaven. Shaka was the third born son of Senzangakhona. When Senzangakhona died in 1816, Shaka took over the reigns and within a time period of twelve years he became the greatest leader of his time. He formed the phenomenal nation of the Zulu people. During his wars that were known as Mfecane (or Difaqane), many people fled KwaZulu-Natal, then known as Natal, and moved north, spreading along their paths the IsiZulu language. In 1828 Dingaan, Shakas brother, assassinated him.

After Shakas death in 1828, Dingaan became the king of the Zulu’s but was killed in the battle of Ncome. However, the Zulu people won this battle. Cetshwayo,(Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama), took over the reigns and in 1879 the Zulu warriors defeated the British in the battle of Isandlwana. In 1887 the British annexed Natal, today known as KwaZulu-Natal, and later incorporated Natal into a colony. Many of the cultures, customs, and traditions of Shakas time remain the corner stones of the Zulu people, and each year the Zulu nation celebrates the Heritage Day during which they commemorate their hero, Shaka Zulu and also revive their cultural traditions.

Curled from African Crafts Market

By Joseph Edegbo :

Civil Society Organisations in Kaduna State have decried the lukewarm attitude by ministries and agencies of the Kaduna State Government to respond to requests for obtaining information.

Such uncooperative stance negates the goal of the Open Government Partnership which Kaduna is a signatory and Freedom of Information Act which needs no domestication, they argue.

The CSOs made their views known at the just concluded 2-day Public Policy Dialogue on Public Procurement Process in Kaduna State held in Zaria.

It was Organised by Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn in collaboration with Open Government Partnership, OGP.

The Workshop was not impressed to note that, of the 23 Local Government Areas in the State, only 5 have their information on projects on portal.

Participants who were drawn from across the CSO’s, Academia, MDAs, Legislators, Media, Persons With Disability and other professional bodies including Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria also frowned at the low level of participation by top Government functionaries such as commissioners to make commitments.

Describing the workshop as a fantastic engagement with an assemblage of all relevant stakeholders, the participants stressed the need for the executives to be on the same page with citizens for the interest of the people.

The workshop afforded the participants to among others, identify gaps hindering the timely and qualitative proactive disclosure of public procurement data for diverse stakeholders’ needs, and secure realistic and time bound commitment to resolve identified gaps in both Public Procurement and disclosure of public procurement data.

Meanwhile, the Kaduna State Government has approved the training of Procurement Officers for deployment to MDAs .

A Representative of the Public Procurement Authority to the Workshop, informed the workshop that by so doing, the ministries and agencies would strictly face their core mandates, while the officers would do the needful on projects domciled in those areas.