Nigeria is likely to be declared a wild polio free nation in June 2020 as the Africa Regional Certification Commission (ARCC) for poliomyelitis eradication concluded a two-week field verification visit to Southern States.
The Commission will proceed to Northern States in March 2020 to also conduct critical analysis and verify the accuracy of the certification documents prepared by the Nigerian Government to finally gives its nod.
The independent commission has already accepted the documentation of 43 African countries as part of the process to certify the African Region free from all types of wild poliovirus, with only Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria, and South Sudan remaining.
According to the Commission, no wild poliovirus has been detected anywhere in Africa since 2016 , unlike in 1996 when wild poliovirus paralysed more than 75,000 children across every country on the continent.
The last wild poliovirus-caused paralysis was on detected on 21 August 2016 in Nigeria, while the last environment sample with traces of the wild poliovirus was detected in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria from a sewage sample collected on 5 May 2014.
“The ARCC invited Nigeria to present its final documentation to receive a wild polio-free status in June 2020. In this light, the ARCC planned two field verification visits. The first was to the Southern States from 9 to 20 December 2019 and the second is to the Northern States, from 2 to 13 March 2020,” said Dr Faisal Shuaib, Executive Director of National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA).
The ARCC for Polio Eradication was appointed by the WHO African Regional Director to serve as the principal advisory body that reviews country-level certification reports submitted to it, and formulates recommendations for regional/country certification. ARCC members are charged with reviewing certification documentation from all 47 countries in the WHO African Region and verifying the absence of poliovirus in the presence of certification-standard surveillance. The commission meets biannually to review certification documentation and updates from countries in the region.
The primary requirements for the region’s certification include that no wild poliovirus transmissions are detected for a minimum of three consecutive years in all the region’s countries, coupled with having a high quality certification standard acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, a clinical symptom of poliomyelitis, in all countries for those three years. Other considerations include that countries maintain high immunization coverage for oral polio vaccine, as well as maintaining a robust national polio outbreak preparedness and response plan and a functional National Polio Certification Committee.
During the verification visit to Nigeria, nine ARCC members will assess the strides made so far in the fight against polio and deliberate on key resolutions in view of Nigeria’s polio status.
“Having achieved the milestones of primary requirements, the ARCC will first review the complete documentation report of the interruption of wild poliovirus type 1 and then proceed to conduct field verification visits to select states in the south of Nigeria,” said Dr Fiona Braka, the WHO Nigeria Team Lead, Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI).
“If the ARCC is satisfied with the national documentation and field verification after both visits in December 2019 and March 2020, the WHO African Region could be certified to have eradicated polio by mid-2020,” added Dr Braka.
